No sé si te pasa o te habrá pasado que, a la hora de sentarte a redactar el informe de investigación, es decir tu tesis como tal, no sabes cómo empezar, cómo seguir o cómo terminar una sección. De hecho, una de las dificultades con las que más me he encontrado que tienen mis estudiantes, bien sea de pregrado o posgrado, es precisamente la redacción. Ni siquiera es tener una idea general de lo que quieren investigar, pues lo que más me gusta de todos los estudiantes es que ¡tienen ideas brillantes y ambiciosas!
Y aun cuando ya han procesado y consolidado una idea de investigación, a través de la lectura e indagación del tema que han seleccionado, e incluso han descubierto su problema de investigación, la dificultad de expresarlo de manera escrita se evidencia cuando empiezo a leer sus informes. Pero cuando lo expresan de manera oral, muchos podrían hablar un par de horas sin detenerlos con emoción y conocimiento, pero al aterrizar esas ideas en un papel -o mejor, en una pantalla- se bloquean o lo que escriben es confuso y muchas veces sin sentido. Y esto causa frustración en ambas partes pues una y otra vez hay que devolver el texto al estudiante para que lo mejore, en cuyo caso, se corre el riesgo que el estudiante comience a sufrir del síndrome todo menos tesis.
Y es que la redacción de una tesis es compleja y lleva tiempo. Son muchas las habilidades que se ponen en marcha a la hora de redactar. Por una parte, está la habilidad de sintetizar todas esas ideas que se han consultado a través de la lectura de un montón de libros y artículos, y plasmarlas en la pantalla en blanco, y por otra, el desconocimiento del código escrito, es decir, de la forma en que se redacta un texto académico-científico.
Y es cierto, muchas veces escribimos como hablamos y no sabemos o no notamos que el lenguaje hablado tiene un código y el lenguaje escrito tiene otro. Por ejemplo, en el lenguaje hablado repetimos palabras, hacemos pausas, nos devolvemos e incluso trasmitimos un mensaje con el tono de la voz, con nuestro cuerpo y nuestro rostro. En el lenguaje escrito es diferente, pues tenemos que valernos de otro código para expresar de manera escrita lo que no podemos expresar con nuestro tono de voz, con nuestro rostro y nuestro lenguaje corporal.
Y puede ser que tú escribas bonitas poesías o hayas ganado algún concurso de cuento literario en el colegio; pero redactar un informe de investigación tiene otras características y otro estilo. En la redacción de tu tesis debes cuidar ese estilo de forma extrema y seguir al pie de la letra las normas de estilo con las que se presenten los trabajos de grado en tu institución (APA, VANCOUVER; CHICAGO; MLA, etc). También tienes que utilizar un lenguaje inequívoco y sin retórica, es decir, sin mucho blablablá e ir directo al punto, definir términos, y citar autores, pues debes expresar con rigor y claridad aquello que consultaste, lo que hiciste y lo que hallaste en el proceso de tu investigación.
Afortunadamente todo esto se puede aprender, y aunque al principio te cueste un poco, con la práctica constante lograrás terminar tu trabajo de grado. Algunos tips que puedes tener en cuenta para mejorar tu redacción son:
- Mientras lees sobre tu tema en revistas científicas, observa cómo está estructurado y escrito el artículo.
- Traza un plan de escritura: una introducción, un nudo y un desenlace.
- Escribe un primer borrador sin parar constantemente a revisar lo que escribiste. Dado que es un primer borrador ya tendrás tiempo de revisar y mejorar lo que has escrito.
- Escribe con claridad y precisión. Utiliza las palabras correctas y adecuadas a tu disciplina. Recuerda que no es escribir tal y como hablas.
- Utiliza correctamente los signos de puntuación para evitar modificar el verdadero sentido que quieres darle a la frase.
- Utiliza conectores que le den fluidez y coherencia a tu texto. Te dejo una lista básica de conectores para que los descargues.
- Sigue al pie de la letra las normas de estilo (APA, VANCOUVER; CHICAGO; MLA, etc).
- Evita a toda costa cometer plagio y usa la paráfrasis o las normas correctas para citar textualmente a los autores.
- Escribe pensando en tu lector, es decir, que quien te vaya a leer entienda lo que allí dices pues tú no estarás presente para explicar ya que el texto se debe defender por sí mismo.
- Revisa y corrige una y otra vez tu texto.
Si quieres que tratemos este tema con más profundidad y cómo aprender a escribir tu tesis, deja tus comentarios y cuéntame de tu experiencia pues ello me permitirá enfocarme en tus necesidades escriturales. Este tema de cómo redactar tu tesis te lo explico con detalle y bien ejemplificado, sección por sección, en el curso Cómo hacer una tesis y no morir en el intento.
Descarga a continuación la lista de conectores:
Tengo muchos problemas con la redacción
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